Light Case Of Genital Warts Look Like

whitewash AND LIVED IN Alcublas: RÓMULO NEGRÍN

RÓMULO NEGRÍN


Son of Dr. Juan Negrin Lopez (scientist, politician and President of the Council of Ministers of the 2 nd Republic)


In this new partnership, I to be about a character who lived during the Civil War Alcublas: RÓMULO NEGRÍN. His biography, some passages of which would be worthy of a good novel, has always been in the background, greatly influenced by the controversial figure of his father, Dr. Juan Negrin Lopez, arguably the most vilified and maligned character of the Civil War and whose public performance begins to be vindicated by the recent contributions of some historians .


His parents, who were married in Leipzig (Germany) in 1914 (9 February, the civil ceremony and religious July 21), were Juan Negrin Lopez (medical doctor , a leading researcher in the field of physiology, university professor, a deputy in the three legislatures of the 2nd Republic (1931, 1933 and 1936), Minister of Finance (1936-1937) and Past President of the Council of Ministers of the 2nd English Republic (1937-1939, and now in exile from 1939 to 1945) and Maria Mikhailova Fidelman Brodsky, pianist and daughter of a wealthy family of origin Russian.

Marriage had five children: John, born in Leipzig on 22/11/1914, Maria (born in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria in December 1915 and died early in 1925, during an epidemic typhus), Romulo who was born on 05.03.1917 in Madrid, like his younger brother Michael (born 06/07/1922), and finally Dolores, who died at birth in 1923, during delivery Dr.Negrín himself attending. The tragic deaths of two girls was largely the source of the failure of the marriage , which thereafter lead separate lives even without divorce. Dr. Negrin remade his love life with Feli Lopez de Dom Paul, who became his companion and he will share three decades.

should be noted that there is some confusion regarding the name of his mother, Maria Mikhailova (daughter of Mikhail) Fidelman Brodsky, which has generated some debate the real names of the brothers NEGRIN Mihailov . For much of life used as a second surname Mikhailov, male surname of his maternal grandfather, Mikhail Fidelman, as usual using the Russian surnames. However, sometimes also adopted Fidelman, especially in recent times, more in line with the Western way of reflecting the maternal surname.

Negrin Mihailov The three brothers studied at the Institute high school School (IE), English teacher renewing institution under the Ministry of Education through the Board of Advanced Studies (JAE), and whose procedures teaching was inspired by the Free Institution Education. IE comprehensive instruction taught (and official material, supplied music, crafts, sports, summer camps, trips and exchanges abroad, etc.). secular (religion was optional subject) and freethinking (foster debate, educational trips and visits, reading, harmony, curiosity and motivated effort). Both the teachers and the students of the School had to undergo a rigorous selection process.

So Romulus studied his high school education from 8 to 10 years and during 1928-29 and started his secondary education at the first center of its own School Institute (EI) located near the Retiro, in the hills of San Blas, close to the observatory, in Atocha. It is not known exactly whether continued to perform at the center of Atocha, called Section Retreat, the rest of the school or during 1931/32 moved to perform his last three high school grades, the newly opened and avant-garde building IE in the highlands of the Hippodrome, space also known as the Poplar Hill. "

During 1935/36 access to the University in the School of Engineering Agronomists of the then still under construction, Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid, studies that disrupted the start of the Civil War, and no longer resume. Indeed, the winning side had allowed neither. As happened after the war with thousands and thousands of students, professors, teachers and officials, Romulo was also the subject of an unjust and illegitimate purification process ("from acting contrary to the Glorious National Movement), in the absence as that was already in Spain, which ended with his expulsion summary of the University.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, barely 19 years joined at the side of his older brother John in the ranks of the socialist militia column led by Captain Fernando Sabio retired quartermaster Dutoit, fighting in the front of the Sierra de Guadarrama , Peguerinos sector (Avila) and vicinity of Alto del León (Segovia). During these first weeks of the war, his father Dr. Juan Negrin perform liaison work between this column of Sage Captain (promoted to commander of the militia in August 1936) and the Ministry of War. Dr. Negrin, who used to travel in your own car, take advantage of these trips to ferry volunteers to the front and supplies: weapons, blankets, snuff, etc.

From late October , disbanded the militia columns, and created the People's Army (Gazette of the Republic of 16 October 1936), both brothers join him as members of the Body of Police, the Ministry of Finance , which was being converted into a powerful body of military structure on the orders of his father, Dr. Negrin, appointed finance minister in September 1936. It is not known exactly fronts where the brothers were Negrin Mihailov for the rest of 1936 and early 1937. Since late spring 1937 are located in the area Somosierra (Sierra Norte de Madrid).

In June 1937 that the brothers take different and separate destinations. Juan, with the rank of lieutenant at the time, continue throughout the remainder of the war attached to the Carabinieri, which reaches hold the rank of captain doctor after completing a medical career in 1938 at the University of Barcelona (studies that had almost completed at the beginning of the war.) In early 1939, with the fall of Catalonia, goes to France and then traveled to New York where they were refugees from the start of the war, his mother and younger brother Michael. For its part, Romulus decided to enter the weapon of Aviation, also known as the Republic Aviation .

Romulus, once passed a test in Spain went to the USSR, with a group of comrades in arms, to carry out a training course . After a quick training as a fighter pilot returned to Spain in late 1937 or early 1938, having being promoted to sergeant in November 1937. is assigned to a squadron of fighter I-15 and Polikarpov (popularly called "flat"), participating during the following months in various combat actions. In June 1938 he was shot down in one of these confrontations air. Shortly after, with the graduation of lieutenant, back to the USSR with other leading drivers of the Republic to expand its training and is where you surprised by the news of Civil War's end, unable to return to Spain.

Del
large group of soldiers of the Republic to the Civil War ended on April 1, 1939 in the USSR were doing various training courses and specialization as fighter pilots, some , Romulus including finally obtained all permits to leave the USSR, starting over the next few months to Mexico . The remaining Republican English soldiers, pilots and cadets decided to stay in the Soviet Union, where some of them had a prominent role in the Second World War. Without doubt, Romulus Negrin could not imagine at the time, even for a moment, would not return to live in Spain. Began what would be an endless exile that lasted 65 years, the rest of his life.

Acknowledgements: Doña Carmen Negrin Fetter for their generous struggle for truth and for your kind comments and information about his father and grandfather Romulus Negrin Dr. Juan Negrin Lopez.


RÓMULO NEGRÍN

(2 PART)

A SAD AND ENDLESS EXILE ...

In a new partnership I will keep telling traces of the random and intense life of Romulus Negrin, who lived in 1938 for a time in Alcublas. In particular I will focus on deepening their life story while in exile, mostly in Mexico, shared by many thousands of English ...

After the Civil War Negrin Romulo was in the USSR by a specialization as a fighter pilot, so that he could not return to Spain . After a few months, and after much prodding, got together with other soldiers of the Republic permission to travel to Mexico. However, another group of English in the same situation was not so lucky, because the Soviet authorities finally were prevented from leaving the USSR. Output, for security reasons, was done in small groups. First by train to Moscow and Leningrad, and from there by boat, but not known whether any level or change of vessel, until the Mexican port of Veracruz. In the case of Romulus Negrin began an exile of 65 years, which would last the rest of his life.

Once in Mexico, Romulus travels to New York to join his mother and brothers
, although no specific data are available on the date. If it is known, however, that in June 1940 was in New York City, where he would continue with his studies. There in the "New York University (NYU) study Aeronautical Engineering specifically in the "Daniel Guggenheim School of Aeronautics" of University Heights Campus in the Bronx, graduating in 1944. During his college met the American Fetter Jeanne Francis, a painter with a degree in English, with whom he married in February 1944 and who has two sons, Juan and Carmen.

In 1945 he moved to live in Mexico with his wife, and born in September where his first son, John . Returning to the United States, and although his wife was American, Negrin Romulus will have problems for a permanent residence permit watched background from being in the USSR. At that time, the proceedings of the House Un-American Activities Committee, and the beginning of the Cold War had created in the United States a climate of suspicion and fueled by preventing anti-defamation and rumors. The situation became so untenable that, shortly after the birth of their daughter Carmen in July 1947, will be forced to abandon the United States, settling in Mexico City with his wife and two children in February 1948.

And it is in Mexico where Romulus Negrin finally be established, as they had done
and about 25,000 English settlers in that country between 1937 and 1942 on ships like the "Sinaia", the "Ipanema", the "Mexique" or the "Nyassa" running away from what had been an almost certain death in Spain and lack of shelter in other countries. Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas, rightly called "Father of the English Republican Exile in Mexico," was the main architect of an act of humanity unprecedented allowed the English exiles in Mexico could be integrated without any limitation. For this generosity, Spain will always be indebted to the Mexican people and as President Lazaro Cardenas and his worthy successor, President Avila Camacho.

However, life in Mexico for most of
English Republican exiles, against about topics that have always traveled in Spain, would be neither comfortable nor easy. Do not forget that many of these expatriates endured lives marked by the final break with friends and family, that produced a deep laceration. Also, if it is true that there including many professionals and a host of intellectuals who managed to jobs commensurate with their education without too many problems, however, most of refugees, Romulus Negrin between them, to survive with dignity should be accepted over the years, the most diverse jobs, often precarious.

In 1949 his wife Jeanne Francis will diagnose a terrible illness, multiple sclerosis
. This difficult family situation forced Romulus, with great regret at having to separse of their children, accept the offer he had made his father, Dr. Juan Negrin, to care for their grandchildren. Thus, in the summer of 1950, took her children with her grandfather, Dr. Juan Negrin and his partner Dom Feliciano Lopez Paul, who lived in exile in Paris . During the following years, Dr. Negrin will deal with all dedication, and admirably, studies and education of her two grandchildren, even taking them to Mexico to see their parents and know their guys (Juan and Miguel ) and grandmother (Mary) who resided in the United States.

response to the request of his father, whose health was beginning to be worrisome, Romulo will move temporarily to Paris in 1956. During this stay should accompany, given their fragile health, Acts of the 20th anniversary of the creation of the International Brigades, 27 and 28 October in Belgrade (Yugoslavia) . Dr. Juan Negrin had accepted the personal invitation of Marshal Tito to attend this commemoration, despite its status as discouraged, given its special relationship with the International Brigades, had dismissed the departure of Spain, in October 1938 . was the last trip of Dr. Negrin, he died of a heart attack on November 12, after two weeks of his return to Paris.

Romulo took over his father's funeral in Paris cemetery "Père Lachaise", who only attended besides him, two friends of Dr. Negrin, Jules Moch and Mariano Ansó. Dr. Negrin himself, feeling very ill, had instructed his family to wait 48 hours before reporting his death to be buried in the privacy and ordered that on his tomb enroll only their initials: "JNL ". Romulo
But still had to meet a last will of his father, the delivery to representatives of the English State in France an extensive dossier on one of the issues of Civil War history that has generated more controversy, known as the "gold of Moscow. "

Thus, on 18 December appeared to Romulus Negrin Enrique Perez-Hernandez and Moreno
, Spain's deputy consul in Paris who raise Affidavit of delivery to the state attorney D. Antonio Melchor De Las Heras, Legal Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, all documentation that her father, Dr. Negrin, kept on the fate of the reserves of precious metals (especially gold) the Bank of Spain that Government of the English Republic had deposited in the Soviet Union at the beginning of the Civil War, with Dr. Juan Negrin López Minister of Finance. This documentation, at present, is completely preserved in the historical archives of the Bank of Spain.

The study in recent years of these documents by the independent expert has to acknowledge that gold reserves of the Bank of Spain deposited in Moscow, nor were squandered by the authorities of the Republic or used by some exile leaders to live opulently in Paris or in Mexico, as has been hinted mischievously for decades, were used entirely to fund the purchase of arms and other supplies in order to address the war. If this material was purchased at inflated prices, with the participation of unscrupulous middlemen or part of it was outdated or poor quality, is another matter of discussion that does not invalidate the above.

The Romulus stay in France would continue, given the circumstances, far more than expected. However, in early 1957, after carrying out the necessary steps to stop the legal issues resolved his father finally had to leave for Mexico by failing to obtain the necessary residence permit. His sons, John and Carmen, stayed in Paris in order to continue their studies until the end of 1958 when France finally abandon to travel to Mexico City to join his father . They live with him for the next few years studying at the Liceo Franco Mexicano until she entered the University: Juan at Yale (1963) and Carmen in Berkeley (1965).

Romulo said Negrin always a close relationship with the rest of Republican exiles in Mexico, although no political significance and avoiding any kind of social role or relevance . Something that sometimes it was difficult to achieve, since after all it was still the son of Dr. Negrin, former President of the Council of Ministers of the 2 nd Republic. However, achieved over time and from the sincere simplicity characteristic of his personality to become a member, almost anonymous in the large colony of English refugees in Mexico between those who had some great friends, especially of his generation, and children of exiles illustrious.

During the first three decades of exile English Republican refugees,
settled mainly in the Federal District, maintained a strong link between them, emerging fraternal ties and personal relationships of great solidarity. It was one of the associations about the same exiles, the famous English University of Mexico founded in 1949, which undoubtedly will be more active at a time to celebrate all kinds of events, meetings and celebrations, also becoming true unifying element between them. It was a time when the exiles still preserve their hopes of returning soon to Republican Spain, free and democratic.

In the early 70's and died in 1969 after his first wife Jeanne Francis Fetter, Romulus Negrin decides to turn his life and leaves the federal capital to move, first time to Monclova, Northern Mexico, and later to Guadalajara, second largest city in the country and where to place his permanent home. Soon after, in her second marriage to shrink Hilda Ponce, a Mexican citizen with whom he had a daughter named Hilda, and son, named Romulus. Over time, the extremely harsh and bitter exile was becoming much less painful. in Mexico had managed to rebuild his life as thousands of compatriots and form a new family, but still could not forget his deepest desire: to return to Spain.

During his long exile visited Spain three times: Madrid Barcelona and finally Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. In one of those trips, in the late 70's, Romulo went to Barcelona to see a English friend who promised her that when you want it would work in Spain, Franco's death, was seriously considering returning to their homeland . Once in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bhis friend had died and her son received a phrase: "My father was not Franco, but I do." And of course, without the promised work had to return to Mexico . As written by Antonio Machado: "Spaniard to come into the world God keep you, one of the two Spains have to freeze your heart."

With the restoration of democracy in Spain was the return of exiled a large number of Republicans, but only a few artists, intellectuals and politicians enjoyed a warm public tribute. The rest of the returnees, the vast majority did not have that same welcome and did not feel well accepted, to be treated with coldness and lack of affection. The Franco regime sought for almost 40 years silence and even denigrate these English exile and had succeeded in part, were completely unknown to his countrymen. Some of them, so ungrateful to welcome in their own country, and and without family or friends in Spain, would choose to return to their host countries.

However, the return to Spain was itself an illusion that something real Negrin Romulus. In Mexico he had a wife and two sons, and his second wife, Hilda Ponce, who had accompanied him once to Spain, was not encouraged to live away from his family and his country. The expatriate's intimate drama appeared in all its rawness. His heart and his life had already been hopelessly divided, like that of many fellow exiles, between his two homelands, the source and adoption. They were not happy in either and both felt strange. A Romulus had no choice but to continue in Mexico, we never quite resigned to his exile.

This profound sense of rootlessness and frustration ended up seizing much of the exiles from the Civil War, had returned to Spain or not. During his later years would drag this sad mood perfectly reflected in these limited lines of a English refugee in Mexico:
"Exile is a rip not just tear, a wound that will not heal, a door seems to open and never opened. The exile discovers with astonishment, first, with pain, then, later on with some irony, that the time has not passed with impunity and that whether or not returns again, never cease to be an exile. "

Although its name and its excellent academic education in the United States, Negrin Romulus would have been relatively easy to succeed in business and build a great heritage, especially in a Mexico country not given to transparency, his character honest, honest and integral, even kind, otherwise inherent to most of the English in exile, was prevented. Therefore, their economic situation over the years, without being difficult, was not especially well off. Also tried to be worthy of its name, avoiding any kind of privilege over the rest of his countrymen in exile. In fact, it was not easy being the son of a well-known personality, brilliant and controversial as his father, Dr. Juan Negrin, who on the other hand he admired, respected and loved deeply.

Some years later, in Specifically in 1995, the name of Romulus Negrin, along with his brothers (John and Michael), gained some prominence in the English media. The reason?. The agreement between the English and Negrin Fidelman brothers as heirs, to offset part of the real value of assets (especially houses and land on the coast many) that had been unjustly seized after the end of the Civil War his paternal grandfather D. Juan Negrin Cabrera in Gran Canaria, at the request of a complaint lodged by a doctor Falangist. This agreement was closed a long lawsuit brought in 1968 from the United States by his older brother John ("Junior").

This legacy of her paternal grandfather, achieved after nearly three decades of lawsuits and claims, as well as the recognition of a pension as a retired colonel in the English Air Force, would provide a good position economy in the last stage of his life. However, the years do not pass in vain and the opportunity to live in Spain had long passed. After a life endured in exile, and close to 80 years, Negrin Romulus himself and saw no future in their homeland. Besides your health, especially that of his second wife, Hilda Ponce, began to get worse. Forces with him and not the long-awaited return to Spain had finally become impossible.

Romulus Negrin along his whole life was always very reluctant to discuss with your family aspects of the Civil War, while his children Carmen and John never got to know the reason why his father did not fly a plane again after the war. Only in recent years rememoraría experiences of the Civil War, yes, only with other English exiles who met weekly in animated conversation at the terrace of a downtown cafe. Lived keeping intact its ideals of freedom, the feeling of being English and some sadness for his exile. He died on July 30, 2004 in the city of Guadalajara (Mexico) at 87 years of age.

Valga this paper as a humble tribute to so many thousands of English that their ideas were forced to leave Spain, and died away from her and she never forgot. In his memory and honor ...!

"your land lies beyond the water,
never see your eyes again
bad thing about dying in a foreign land to die in it
other
not in yourself, you will die
borrowed "

José Moreno Villa

What was the relationship with Alcublas Negrin Romulus?. He was in 1938, for a time in Alcublas, when part of his squadron of fighter aircraft I-15 "Polikarpov (" flat ") was deployed at the airfield of La Balsillas (Alcublas).

In a forthcoming entry I hope to provide more complete information about the outstanding career of Romulus in The Glorious Aviation Negrin of the English Republic during the Civil War.


Acknowledgements: Doña Carmen and Don Juan Negrin Fetter for his kind comments and information about his father Romulus Negrin and his grandfather, Dr. Juan Negrin Lopez.



By Juan Antonio Fernández Peris ,

the Hiking Centre and contributor to the blog Chelva PENA RAMIRO

<>